{
 "company": "snowflake",
 "as_of": "2026-09-25",
 "choices": [
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p01",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Build from scratch",
   "statement": "Implementation of a new data warehouse began in late 2012, with a processing engine written from scratch rather than based on Hadoop or PostgreSQL.",
   "event_date": "2012",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p02",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Cloud only",
   "statement": "The founders planned a full data platform built entirely in the cloud, decoupling compute from data.",
   "event_date": "2012",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN8"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g01",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Incubation",
   "statement": "Mike Speiser of Sutter Hill Ventures served as chief executive and chief financial officer from August 2012 to June 2014.",
   "event_date": "2012-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g03",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Feedback outreach",
   "statement": "The first salesperson emailed about 2,000 prospects a week asking for feedback and set eight customer meetings a week.",
   "event_date": "2013",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g02",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "First sales hire",
   "statement": "Chris Degnan joined as director of sales in November 2013, while the company was in stealth.",
   "event_date": "2013-11",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g04",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "First customers",
   "statement": "First customers in 2014, the year the platform was first offered for sale.",
   "event_date": "2014",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g07",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Early terms",
   "statement": "Early customers were asked to try the product and pay if they used it; the first ten kept founders pricing.",
   "event_date": "2014",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g05",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Chief executive",
   "statement": "Offer letter to Bob Muglia as chief executive in May 2014; Speiser served until June 2014.",
   "event_date": "2014-05",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g06",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Out of stealth",
   "statement": "Snowflake left stealth with a $26 million Series B led by Redpoint.",
   "event_date": "2014-10-21",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p06",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "General availability",
   "statement": "Generally available on Amazon Web Services from June 2015.",
   "event_date": "2015-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p03",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Storage and compute separated",
   "statement": "Virtual warehouses are compute clusters that can be created, resized or shut down without affecting stored data.",
   "event_date": "2016-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p04",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "No tuning knobs",
   "statement": "The service has no physical design or tuning tasks for users; its one tuning parameter is how much performance the user wants to pay for.",
   "event_date": "2016-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p05",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Semi-structured data",
   "statement": "Built-in SQL extensions and columnar storage for JSON and Avro data.",
   "event_date": "2016-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g08",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Pay for use",
   "statement": "Users pay only for the storage and compute resources they use.",
   "event_date": "2016-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p07",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Data sharing",
   "statement": "Accounts can share live data with other accounts without copying it; consumers pay for the compute they use on it.",
   "event_date": "2017-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN14"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g09",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Capital One agreement",
   "statement": "Master agreement with Capital One under which order forms buy prepaid capacity, with service-level credits and a regulator termination right.",
   "event_date": "2017-06-30",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p08",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Azure preview",
   "statement": "Snowflake became available in preview on Microsoft Azure.",
   "event_date": "2018-07-12",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p09",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Azure general availability",
   "statement": "General availability on Microsoft Azure.",
   "event_date": "2018-09-26",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN16"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g10",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Customer choice",
   "statement": "Muglia presented Azure availability as customer choice.",
   "event_date": "2018-09-26",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN16"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p10",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Data Exchange",
   "statement": "Snowflake introduced its Data Exchange to extend data sharing.",
   "event_date": "2019",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g11",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "New chief executive",
   "statement": "Frank Slootman, former ServiceNow chief executive, became CEO in April 2019.",
   "event_date": "2019-04",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p11",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Google Cloud",
   "statement": "General availability on Google Cloud, with database replication across clouds.",
   "event_date": "2020-02-18",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN19"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g16",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Data Marketplace listing",
   "statement": "Starschema listed COVID-19 data on the Data Marketplace; hundreds of customers consumed it by July 2020.",
   "event_date": "2020-03-18",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p12",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Cloud-agnostic layer",
   "statement": "A layer abstracts each cloud so the same service and applications run on all three, linked by a global data mesh.",
   "event_date": "2020-06",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN17"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g12",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Consumption fees",
   "statement": "Storage is charged by average terabytes a month, compute by resource type and duration, and data transfer by terabytes moved.",
   "event_date": "2020-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g13",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Capacity contracts",
   "statement": "Most customers sign annual capacity arrangements, can consume past them and roll over unused capacity on buying more.",
   "event_date": "2020-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g14",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Direct sales",
   "statement": "A direct sales force of sales development, inside and field sales, segmented by customer size, with a recent focus on large enterprises.",
   "event_date": "2020-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g15",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Expansion motion",
   "statement": "After adoption, sales focus on moving more customer workloads onto the platform; net revenue retention was 158 percent at July 31, 2020.",
   "event_date": "2020-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g17",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Listing",
   "statement": "Snowflake went public in September 2020.",
   "event_date": "2020-09",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN26"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g18",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Industry organization",
   "statement": "Go-to-market reorganized around industries such as financial services, media and healthcare.",
   "event_date": "2022-07",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "SN28"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p13",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Iceberg tables",
   "statement": "Apache Iceberg tables became generally available, with data in customer-managed storage readable by other engines.",
   "event_date": "2024-06-10",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-p14",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Open Catalog",
   "statement": "Snowflake offered an open catalog and Iceberg interoperability.",
   "event_date": "2025",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "SN4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "snowflake-g19",
   "business": "Data platform",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Per-second billing",
   "statement": "Warehouse credits are billed per second after a one-minute minimum; suspended warehouses are not billed.",
   "event_date": null,
   "date_precision": "unknown",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "SN25"
   ]
  }
 ]
}