{
 "company": "certara",
 "as_of": "2026-09-27",
 "choices": [
  {
   "id": "certara-p01",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Research code",
   "statement": "Geoff Tucker and Amin Rostami-Hodjegan wrote FORTRAN programs to assess drug metabolism in human populations before any product existed.",
   "event_date": "1996",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT32"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p02",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Windows simulator",
   "statement": "From 1999 the algorithms were built into a Windows simulator usable without programming.",
   "event_date": "1999",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT32"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g01",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Consortium",
   "statement": "Simcyp organized development through a consortium of drug companies, which Rostami-Hodjegan said he inaugurated with the business in 1999.",
   "event_date": "1999",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "CT3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p09",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "WinNonlin",
   "statement": "Pharsight sold WinNonlin as a desktop subscription at about $5,000, alongside an enterprise data server and trial simulator.",
   "event_date": "2005-05",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT17"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g08",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Consulting with software",
   "statement": "Pharsight sold consulting alongside software ($12.1 million software, $10.5 million consulting in fiscal 2005).",
   "event_date": "2005-05",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT17"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g02",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Member terms",
   "statement": "Consortium members licensed the software and consultancy while contributing to their development.",
   "event_date": "2005-10",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT30"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g05",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Regulators and academics",
   "statement": "Regulatory bodies and universities took part in the consortium alongside companies.",
   "event_date": "2005-10",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT30"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p03",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Virtual populations",
   "statement": "The simulator was built around virtual populations with demographic, genetic and environmental variability.",
   "event_date": "2006",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "CT31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p05",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Paediatric simulator",
   "statement": "Simcyp added a paediatric simulator.",
   "event_date": "2006",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT32"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g07",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Workshops",
   "statement": "Simcyp ran training workshops on predicting in vivo behavior from laboratory data.",
   "event_date": "2006",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "CT31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g04",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Member breadth",
   "statement": "Nine of the top ten drug companies were consortium members by 2008; Pfizer and AstraZeneca renewed and Takeda and Sanofi-Aventis joined in 2005.",
   "event_date": "2008-04",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT54"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p06",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Version 8",
   "statement": "Version 8 added formulation-aware absorption, disease populations such as cirrhosis, renal impairment and obesity, and a Japanese population.",
   "event_date": "2008-04-03",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "CT54"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p12",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Combined tools",
   "statement": "Tripos combined its SYBYL molecular design tools with Pharsight's pharmacokinetic tools.",
   "event_date": "2008-09",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g10",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Pharsight purchase",
   "statement": "Tripos, recapitalized by Vector Capital, acquired Pharsight to form Certara.",
   "event_date": "2008-09",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p10",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Phoenix platform",
   "statement": "Pharsight relaunched WinNonlin as Phoenix WinNonlin 6.0, backward compatible with earlier versions.",
   "event_date": "2009-06-29",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "CT16"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g09",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "FDA collaboration",
   "statement": "Pharsight worked with the FDA under a cooperative agreement and supplied the agency with Phoenix tools.",
   "event_date": "2010-01",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT18"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p11",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "FDA CRADA tools",
   "statement": "Phoenix NLME and Phoenix Connect were built under a cooperative agreement with the FDA; Connect worked with SAS, R and NONMEM.",
   "event_date": "2010-01-08",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT18"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g06",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Academic licences",
   "statement": "Simcyp offered not-for-profit academic licences, kept after the sale.",
   "event_date": "2012-02",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g11",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Simcyp purchase",
   "statement": "Certara acquired Simcyp for $32 million.",
   "event_date": "2012-02-28",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p04",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Scope growth",
   "statement": "Simcyp started with static drug-interaction calculations and expanded to dynamic models and full physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.",
   "event_date": "2013",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "CT2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p07",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Quality system",
   "statement": "Simcyp built a data-management and QA system for validation and automated testing, described as important to regulators.",
   "event_date": "2013",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "CT2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p08",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Maintenance effort",
   "statement": "Simcyp put more than 40 person-years of effort a year into updates.",
   "event_date": "2013",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "CT2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g12",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Regulatory writing",
   "statement": "Certara acquired Synchrogenix, a regulatory writing firm, its first large services acquisition.",
   "event_date": "2014-04-15",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT39"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g13",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "EQT buyout",
   "statement": "EQT bought Certara from Arsenal at an $850 million enterprise value.",
   "event_date": "2017-07-11",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT40"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g03",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Roadmap voting",
   "statement": "Members voted each year on features, producing a prioritized wish list for each release.",
   "event_date": "2020-02",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "participant_account",
   "sources": [
    "CT48"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g14",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Regulator licences",
   "statement": "The FDA held more than 400 licences to Certara software across its divisions.",
   "event_date": "2020-10-01",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT38"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g15",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "IPO",
   "statement": "Certara listed on Nasdaq at $23 a share.",
   "event_date": "2020-12-11",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT35"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g16",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Cross-selling",
   "statement": "More than 90% of the top 50 customers bought both biosimulation and regulatory or market-access work.",
   "event_date": "2021-03",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT25"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p13",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Pinnacle 21",
   "statement": "Certara acquired Pinnacle 21, clinical-data validation software used by the FDA and Japan's PMDA.",
   "event_date": "2021-08-05",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g17",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Pinnacle 21 price",
   "statement": "Certara paid $310 million for Pinnacle 21 in cash and stock.",
   "event_date": "2021-08-05",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p15",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "CoAuthor",
   "statement": "Certara offered CoAuthor software for generating regulatory documents.",
   "event_date": "2024",
   "date_precision": "year",
   "evidence_kind": "company_described_offering",
   "sources": [
    "CT23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p14",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "Discovery software",
   "statement": "Certara acquired Chemaxon to add discovery cheminformatics, after adding QSP software in 2023.",
   "event_date": "2024-07-09",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT22"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-p16",
   "business": "Biosimulation software (Simcyp and Phoenix)",
   "category": "product",
   "dimension": "EMA qualification",
   "statement": "Simcyp received an EMA qualification opinion for three drug-interaction contexts of use.",
   "event_date": "2025-08-04",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT37"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g18",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "New CEO",
   "statement": "Certara named Jon Resnick, from IQVIA, CEO from January 2026.",
   "event_date": "2025-12-11",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT19"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g19",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Services divestiture",
   "statement": "Certara agreed to sell its regulatory and medical writing business, about $50 million of revenue, to Veristat for up to $135 million.",
   "event_date": "2026-04-22",
   "date_precision": "day",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT11"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "certara-g20",
   "business": "Biosimulation, regulatory writing and consulting services",
   "category": "go_to_market",
   "dimension": "Restructuring",
   "statement": "Certara cut its workforce 5% and described a shift toward software, now 53% of revenue.",
   "event_date": "2026-08",
   "date_precision": "month",
   "evidence_kind": "documented_offer_or_action",
   "sources": [
    "CT50"
   ]
  }
 ]
}